子宫内膜癌组织 PTEN 基因表达及其与癌细胞生长的关系

Expression of PTEN Gene in Endometrial Carcinoma Tissues and Its Relationship with Cancer Cell Growth

摘要:

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨子宫内膜癌（EC）组织磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）基因表达及其与癌细胞生长的关系。 方法：选取 2015 年 8 月至 2016 年 8 月于孝感市妇幼保健院诊治的 75 例 EC 患者作为 EC 组，70 例子宫内膜不典型 增生患者作为不典型增生组，70 例子宫内膜单纯性增生患者作为单纯性增生组，同时纳入同期 70 例女性健康体检者 作为健康组。检测各组研究对象血清微小核糖核酸 155（miR–155）水平，比较 EC 组和不典型增生组 PTEN 基因表 达情况，分析 EC 组患者 PTEN 基因表达与临床病理参数的关系，并检测 EC 组和不典型增生组 PTEN 基因以及增殖 基因细胞周期蛋白 D（CycD）、高迁移率族蛋白 1（HMGB1）、Sushi 重复蛋白 X 连锁 2（SRPX2）、清除记忆基因（TET1） 信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达量。结果：EC 组、不典型增生组、单纯性增生组患者血清 miR–155 水平明显高于健康 组（P ＜ 0.05），且 EC 组＞不典型增生组＞单纯性增生组（P ＜ 0.05）；EC 组中 PTEN 基因表达缺失率为 77.33 %， 明显高于不典型增生组的 34.29 %（P ＜ 0.05）；EC 组患者 PTEN 基因缺失表达与病理分级、子宫肌层浸润程度有关 （P ＜ 0.05），病理分级 G3 级 PTEN 基因表达缺失率明显高于 G2 级（P ＜ 0.05），＞ 50 % 子宫肌层浸润 PTEN 基 因表达缺失率明显高于≤ 50 % 子宫肌层浸润（P ＜ 0.05），PTEN 基因表达缺失与患者年龄、病理分期、细胞分化程度、 组织学类型、有无脉管内癌栓、有无淋巴结转移以及有无复发无关（P ＞ 0.05）；EC 组 PTEN mRNA 表达量明显低 于不典型增生组，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05），增殖基因 CycD、HMGB1、SRPX2、TET1 mRNA 表达量明显 高于不典型增生组，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：血清 miR–155 水平在子宫内膜单纯性增生、子宫内 膜不典型增生以及 EC 患者中呈明显升高趋势，PTEN 基因在 EC 患者中缺失表达，并与患者病理分级和子宫肌层浸 润程度有关，PTEN 基因表达缺失可能促进癌细胞生长。

Abstract:

〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene in endometrial carcinoma (EC) tissues and its relationship with cancer cell growth. Methods 75 EC patients treated in Xiaogan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the EC group, 70 patients with endometrial patypical hyperplasia were selected as the atypical hyperplasia group, 70 patients with endometrial simple hyperplasia were selected as the simple hyperplasia group, and 70 femate healthy subjects during the same period were included as the health group. The level of serum micro ribonucleic acid 155 (miR-155) in each group was detected, and the expression of PTEN gene in EC group and atypical hyperplasia group was compared. The relationship between the expression of the PTEN gene in EC group and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. The expression levels of cyclin D (CycD), high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), Sushi repeat protein X-linked 2 (SRPX2) and ten–eleven translocation 1 (TET1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and PTEN gene in the EC and the group atypical hyperplasia group were detected. Results The serum miR-155 levels in the EC group, atypical hyperplasia group and simple hyperplasia group were significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P < 0.05), and the EC group > the atypical hyperplasia group > the simple hyperplasia group (P < 0.05). The expression loss rate of PTEN gene in the EC group was 77.33%, which was significantly higher than 34.29% in the atypical hyperplasia group (P < 0.05). PTEN gene deletion in the EC group was related to pathological grade and myometrium invasion degree (P < 0.05). The deletion rate of PTEN gene in G3 grade was significantly higher than that in the G2 grade (P < 0.05). The deletion rate of PTEN gene in > 50% myometrium invasion was significantly higher than that in ≤ 50% myometrium invasion (P < 0.05). The absence of PTEN gene expression was not associated with age, pathological stage, degree of cell differentiation, histological type, intravascular tumor plug, lymph node metastasis and recurrence (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression level of PTEN in the EC group was significantly lower than that in the atypical hyperplasia group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of proliferating genes CycD, HMGB1, SRPX2 and TET1 were significantly higher than those in the atypical hyperplasia group, the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum miR-155 level shows a significantly increased trend in patients with endometrial simple hyperplasia, endometrial atypical hyperplasia and EC, and PTEN gene expression is absent in EC patients, which is related to the pathological grade of patients and the degree of myometrium invasion, and PTEN gene expression may promote the growth of cancer cells.