泉州地区妊娠晚期孕妇 B 族链球菌检测结果分析

Analysis of Detection Results of Group B Streptococcus on Late Pregnancy on Quanzhou Area

摘要:

〔摘 要〕 目的：分析泉州地区妊娠晚期孕妇 B 族链球菌（GBS）的检测结果。 方法：选取 2021 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月在泉州市儿童医院妇产科门诊就诊及住院部住院的孕妇 2194 例作为研究对象，采集孕妇的阴道和直肠分泌物标 本，均以荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ–PCR）法和细菌培养法检测，对不同年龄及不同检测年份孕妇的 GBS 检测结果 进行分析。 结果：2194 例孕妇的检测样本中，GBS 的总阳性率为 6.88 %，＞ 39 岁组孕妇的 GBS 阳性率最高，＜ 25 岁 组最低，组间比较，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）；其余各年龄组的 GBS 阳性率两两比较，差异均无统计学意义 （P ＞ 0.05）。不同年份的孕妇 GBS 阳性率比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。 结论：泉州地区 GBS 阳性检出 率在国内处于中等水平，随着孕妇的年龄不断增长，GBS 的阳性率不断增高，临床应引起重视。在检测时应同时采 集阴道和直肠分泌物，检测结果阳性的孕妇应加强药敏试验并及时给予治疗，可有效改善母婴结局。

Abstract:

〔Abstract〕 Objective The results of the detection of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy in Quanzhou were analyzed. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, 2194 pregnant women who attended the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Quanzhou Children's Hospital and were hospitalized in the inpatient department as the research subjects, and the vaginal and rectal secretion samples of pregnant women were collected, and all were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) method and bacterial culture method. The results of GBS tests in pregnant women of different ages and years of detection were analyzed. Results Among the 2194 pregnant women tested, the overall positive rate of GBS is 6.88 %. The GBS positivity rate was the highest in the group older than 39 years old, and the lowest in the group younger than 25 years old, and the differences were statistically significant between the groups (P < 0.05); The GBS positivity rate of the remaining age groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the GBS positivity rate among pregnant women in different years (P > 0.05). Conclusion The positive detection rate of GBS in Quanzhou is at a medium level in China, and with the increasing age of pregnant women, the positive rate of GBS continues to increase, which should be paid attention to clinically. Vaginal and rectal secretions should be collected at the time of testing, and pregnant women with positive test results should strengthen susceptibility testing and give timely treatment, which can effectively improve maternal and infant outcomes.