庐山市中小学生近视患病现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on the Current Situation of Vision among Primary and Secondary School Students in Lushan City and Analysis of Influencing Factors

摘要:

〔摘 要〕 目的：调查庐山市中小学生近视患病现状及其影响因素，为制定预防和控制策略提供参考。 方法：于 2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 6 月采取分层随机抽样法，随机抽取庐山市城乡小学、初中和高中各 2 所，自小学四年级至高中三年级，每 所学校的每个年级均随机抽取 2 个班的学生进行问卷调查和视力检测，共调查 1663 名学生，分析调查和检测结果。 结果：1663 名学生中，共查出 1135 名（68.3 %）学生患有近视，高中生近视率最高（90.1 %）。1135 名近视学生中，轻度近视 123 名（10.8 %），中度近视 272 名（24.0 %），重度近视 740 名（65.2 %）。近视学生中，男生占比 51.5 %，女生占比 48.5 %。 学生近距离看电子屏幕习惯、家庭作业时间长、睡眠及室外活动时间短、不做眼保健操、校内用眼环境光线不充足、读写 姿势不规范、父母近视是导致其近视发生的主要原因。 结论：本研究调查了庐山市中小学生的近视情况，发现近视率高达 68.3 %，且随年级的升高而增加。结果表明，性别、家族近视史、用眼环境、阅读姿势、电子屏幕使用、作业时长、户外活动、 夜间用眼习惯和睡眠时长等因素均对学生视力有显著影响。为应对这一现状，建议采取多方面的综合措施，包括优化校内 用眼环境、限制电子屏幕使用时间、增加户外活动、合理安排学习作业量、定期进行视力检查和眼保健操，以及提高家长 和教师对儿童视力保护的意识。

Abstract:

〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the current status of myopia prevalence and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Lushan City, and to provide reference for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods From January 2022 to June 2023, stratified random sampling method was adopted to randomly select 2 primary schools, 2 junior high schools and 2 senior high schools in Lushan City. From the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school, 2 classes of students in each school were randomly selected for questionnaire survey and vision test. A total of 1663 students were investigated and the results of the survey and test were analyzed. Results Of the 1,663 students, 1,135 (68.3 percent) were found to have myopia, with high school students having the highest rate (90.1 percent).Among the 1135 myopic students, 123 were mildly myopic (10.8%), 272 were moderately myopic (24.0%), and 740 were severely myopic (65.2%). Among myopic students, male students accounted for 51.5%, female students accounted for 48.5%. The main causes of myopia were students' habit of watching the electronic screen closely, long homework time, short sleep and outdoor activities, no eye exercises, school eye environment light is not enough, reading and writing posture is not standard and parents' myopia. Conclusion In this study, we investigated myopia among primary and secondary school students in Lushan City and found that the myopia rate was as high as 68.3% and increased with grade level. The results showed that factors such as gender, family history of myopia, eye environment, reading posture, electronic screen use, homework hours, outdoor activities, nighttime eye habits, and sleep hours all had a significant impact on students' visual acuity. To address this situation, it is recommended that comprehensive measures be taken, including optimizing the school eye environment, limiting the time spent on electronic screens, increasing outdoor activities, arranging the amount of homework, conducting regular vision checkups and eye exercises, and raising the awareness of parents and teachers about children's vision protection.